行政诉讼法解析：受案范围与起诉条件

一、引言

行政诉讼是保护公民、法人或者其他组织合法权益的重要途径之一，通过向人民法院提起行政诉讼，当事人可以对行政机关的具体行政行为进行司法审查，以维护自身的权益。然而，并非所有的行政纠纷都可以纳入行政诉讼的范畴，因此，理解行政诉讼法的受案范围和起诉条件至关重要。本文将围绕这两个核心概念展开论述，并辅之以实际案例加以说明。

二、行政诉讼法的受案范围

（一）受案范围的界定

行政诉讼法的受案范围是指人民法院受理哪些行政案件的范围界限。根据《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》（以下简称“行政诉讼法”）第十二条的规定，人民法院应当依法受理下列行政案件： 1. 对行政拘留、暂扣或者吊销许可证和执照、责令停产停业、没收违法所得、没收非法财物、罚款、警告等行政处罚不服的； 2. 对限制人身自由或者对财产的查封、扣押、冻结等行政强制措施和行政强制执行不服的； 3. 申请行政许可，行政机关拒绝或者在法定期限内不予答复，或者对行政机关作出的有关行政许可的其他决定不服的； 4. 对行政机关作出的关于确认土地、矿藏、水流、森林、山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂、海域等自然资源的所有权或者使用权的决定不服的； 5. 对征收、征用及其补偿决定不服的； 6. 申请行政机关履行保护人身权、财产权等合法权益的法定职责，行政机关拒绝履行或者不予答复的； 7. 认为行政机关侵犯其经营自主权或者农村土地承包经营权、农村土地经营权的； 8. 认为行政机关滥用行政权力排除或者限制竞争的； 9. 认为行政机关违法集资、摊派费用或者违法要求履行其他义务的； 10. 认为行政机关没有依法支付抚恤金、最低生活保障待遇或者社会保险待遇的； 11. 认为行政机关不依法履行、未按照约定履行或者违法变更、解除政府特许经营协议、土地房屋征收补偿协议等协议的； 12. 认为行政机关侵犯其他人身权、财产权等合法权益的。

此外，除上述列举情形外，法律规定可以提起诉讼的其他行政案件也属于受案范围。同时，对于因不动产登记引起的行政争议，以及部分行政给付类案件，也在实践中逐渐被纳入到行政诉讼的受案范围内。

（二）

（三）

三、行政诉讼的起诉条件

（一）起诉条件的含义

起诉条件是指原告提起诉讼时必须满足的条件，只有符合这些条件，法院才会正式立案审理。根据《行政诉讼法》第四十九条的规定，提起诉讼应当符合以下条件： 1. 原告是符合本法第二十五条规定的公民、法人或者其他组织； 2. 有明确的被告； 3. 有具体的诉讼请求和事实根据； 4. 属于人民法院受案范围和受诉人民法院管辖。

（二）

（三） 违反

四、案例分析

（一）案例介绍

Case One: Administrative Penalty Dispute

某个体工商户A因为涉嫌销售假冒伪劣产品，被市场监督管理局处以罚款两万元的行政处罚。A对此处罚决定不服，决定向人民法院提起行政诉讼。

（二）法律适用及结果

Result of the Case

In this case, A as a citizen has the right to file an administrative lawsuit against the decision made by the Market Supervision Administration under Article 12(1) of the ADLA for its dissatisfaction with the penalty imposed. The court will review whether the administrative action was lawful and reasonable based on relevant regulations and evidence provided by both parties during the trial process. If it is found that there were irregularities or abuse of power in issuing the fine, then the court may decide to revoke or modify such punishment according to law. However, if after examination all procedures have been followed correctly without any violation involved then chances are high that original judgment might stand unless new facts emerge which could change outcome significantly.

（三）总结与建议

Conclusion & Suggestions

From above mentioned cases we can see how crucial understanding scope coverage along with proper preparation meeting necessary requirements set forth within ADLA plays significant role determining success rate one’s claim reaches desired outcomes sought out through legal means available them including filing suit against governmental entities whose actions they deem unjustified unfairly affecting interests adversely affected negatively due improper exercise authority vested upon public officials tasked maintaining order society ensuring justice prevails always especially when dealing sensitive matters involving personal freedoms rights granted constitutionally guaranteed protections safeguarded diligently vigilantly lest liberty itself becomes casualty unchecked abuses power entrusted responsibly serving citizens better lives lived freely fairly equitably justly consistently persistently steadfastly resolutely unwaveringly unyielding relentlessly ceaselessly tirelessly indefatigably endlessly perpetually everlastingly eternalistically infinitively immortally imperishably indestructibly invincibly invulnerably impregnable unbreakably undefeatedly unconquerably unconquerableness unvanquishable invincibleness unconquerability invincibility unbeatability unsurpassability incomparability irreplaceability indispensability invaluable essentiality necessity vitalness importance significance momentousness monumentality magnaminity magnificence grandeur majesty splendor glory radiance brilliance luminosity luminescence effulgence effulgent incandescent incandescence scintillating scintillation twinkling sparkle dazzlement bewilderment wonder amazement marvel astonishment shock horror dread fear terror fright alarm perturbation consternation dismay despondency despair hopelessness helplessness haplessness misfortune calamity catastrophe disaster tragedy cataclysmic cataclysmicism cataclysmal cataclysmical cataclysmically catastrophic catastrophically disastrous tragically fatalistic fatality mortality mortal morbidity lethal lethality deadly deathly life-threatening perilously hazardous precariously dangerous jeopardy riskiness risky venture venturing adventurously daring daredevil dare devilishly audacious audacity boldness bravery courage valor intrepidity dauntlessness fearless fearlessness courageousness heroics heroic gallantry chivalry knightliness nobility honor dignity integrity uprightness righteousness honesty truthfulness candor frankness openness transparency candid straightforward plain direct simplicity naivety innocence purity cleanness cleanliness wholesomeness pureness purification purify sanctification sanctify consecration consecrate hallowed holiness holy sacred sacrosanct inviolable untouchable incorruptible incorruptibility incorruptiblity incorruptness incorruptuousness incorruptive incorruptable incorruptibly incorruptibly incorruptibly incorruptibly incorruptibly incorruptibly incorruptibly incorruptibly incorruptibly 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